Bạn đang xem: Na reacts with phenol to produce
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Properties of phenol as an acid
Compounds lượt thích alcohols and phenol which contain an -OH group attached to a hydrocarbon are very weak acids. Alcohols are so weakly acidic that, for normal lab purposes, their acidity can be virtually ignored. However, phenol is sufficiently acidic for it to lớn have recognizably acidic properties - even if it is still a very weak acid. A hydrogen ion can break away from the -OH group và transfer lớn a base.
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Why is phenol acidic?
Compounds like alcohols và phenol which contain an -OH group attached to a hydrocarbon are very weak acids. Alcohols are so weakly acidic that, for normal lab purposes, their acidity can be virtually ignored. However, phenol is sufficiently acidic for it khổng lồ have recognizably acidic properties - even if it is still a very weak acid. A hydrogen ion can break away from the -OH group and transfer to lớn a base. For example, in solution in water:
Phenol is a very weak acid and the position of equilibrium lies well khổng lồ the left. Phenol can thất bại a hydrogen ion because the phenoxide ion formed is stabilised to lớn some extent. The negative charge on the oxygen atom is delocalised around the ring. The more stable the ion is, the more likely it is lớn form. One of the lone pairs on the oxygen atom overlaps with the delocalised electrons on the benzene ring.
This overlap leads to a delocalization which extends from the ring out over the oxygen atom. As a result, the negative charge is no longer entirely localized on the oxygen, but is spread out around the whole ion.
